01
Urolithin A: Behind the strange name,It is a masterpiece of destroying bacteria Urolithin A: A natural intestinal strengthening enhancer.
In 1980, urolithin A (UA) was first discovered in the pathway of feeding ellagic acid (EA). Since then, the presence of UA has been detected in many species, including fruit flies and humans.As a member of the urolithin family, UA is the most commonly derived derivative of EA. It has similar structures and properties and has been extensively studied. However, UA is rare in the respiratory tract. Only when the organism ingests substances rich in natural polyphenol ellagitannins (ET) or ellagic acid (EA) (such as pomegranate), with the help of specific microbiome effects, UA will be generated within the foreshadowing.
After entering the blood circulation, UA will be partially converted into conjugates (UA-formaldehyde and UA-sulfate). In vitro cell experiments show that the UA conjugates at this stage have lost most of their biological activity.
Unfortunately, taking full advantage of natural polyphenols and converting them into UA is not easy. Taking humans as an example, a human clinical study showed that 40% of people can produce UA in the body, and this proportion may also decrease due to changes in the destroyed bacterial flora caused by aging. Therefore, some scholars have suggested that directly supplementing UA may avoid this problem.
Legend: Ellagitannin (ET) or ellagic acid (EA) can produce urolithin A (UA) under the action of intestinal flora
02
Cell “power factory quality controller”,Regulate mitophagy
So, is this UA just a matter of “rare things are valuable”, or does it have the anti-aging effect of improving the body’s health and resisting the signs of aging? In the confrontation with mitochondria, the “power factory” of cells, UA gave its own answer.
Promoting selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria and restoring mitochondrial dysfunction caused by aging are the main regulatory mechanisms of UA found in many species (nematodes, mice, humans, etc.). When mitochondria are exposed to external stress and damaged, autophagy theoretically begins. UA essentially acts as an autophagy inducer and mainly participates in and regulates the mitophagy process through two pathways:
No.1
PINK1/Parkin ubiquitin-dependent pathway In the ubiquitin-dependent pathway of mitophagy, after PINK1 protein recognizes target mitochondria, it recruits and phosphorylates the ubiquitin-binding protein Parkin, jointly promoting the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins, amplifying autophagy signals, and “rushing” to phagocytes. UA activates the expression of related genes, upregulates the levels of PINK1 and Parkin proteins, and promotes the mitochondrial autophagy process.
No.2
direct receptor activation pathway
In addition to relying on the PINK1/Parkin pathway, mitochondria can also “change paths” to utilize certain receptor proteins (such as BNIP3) to directly activate the autophagy process. UA “will never abandon and function stably”, upregulating the expression level of receptor proteins. making it easier to accumulate on the mitochondrial surface.
Legend: UA can activate mitophagy by regulating different pathways.
03.
Treat metabolic disorders together,UA life extension emerges
Targeting mitochondrial regulation, maintaining the body’s energy homeostasis, and controlling the “engine” of cells, UA’s reputation is not in vain. At the same time, a considerable number of trials have confirmed that UA has significant efficacy in improving chronic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, muscle dysfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases. UA, which has not been able to get the attention of the industry so far, really feels like a hidden gem in the ocean.
In addition to its seemingly miraculous effect of “curing all diseases”, in terms of “life span”, an important evaluation index for anti-aging, although UA is a rising star, it is indeed very promising. When the model organism nematodes were fed UA for a long time (from egg stage to death), compared with the control group, UA activated their AMPK signaling pathway and significantly promoted mitophagy, extending the lifespan of the nematodes by up to 45.4%!
Legend: UA significantly extends the lifespan of C. elegans in a dose-dependent manner
In the few human clinical tests, although UA has not yet been evaluated on human life span, the results of existing trials are very positive. UA actually regulates mitochondrial and cell health in the body. When California strawberry powder, which is rich in UA precursors, was added to the diet, body weight and beneficial intestinal flora associated with longevity were improved in healthy subjects. UA's anti-aging journey is worth looking forward to.
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Post time: Dec-29-2023
