Xylooligosaccharideis a functional oligosaccharide that has attracted much attention in recent years. Xylo-oligosaccharides have a wide range of physiological functions. In addition to improving intestinal microecology, they also regulate insulin secretion, lower serum cholesterol, stimulate intestinal absorption of minerals, are anti-caries, antioxidant, anti-allergic, selective cytotoxicity, etc. Physiological effects[1]. Natural xylo-oligosaccharides are found in fruits, vegetables, bamboo, honey and milk.
In addition, xylo-oligosaccharides cannot be absorbed by the human body and can only be used by microorganisms in the intestine, thereby promoting beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestine to produce small molecule fatty acids that are beneficial to the host, and selectively inhibit Escherichia coli, Clostridium It prevents the growth of harmful bacteria and pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus sp., so xylo-oligosaccharides are considered to be soluble dietary fibers with prebiotic activity. They have been widely used in food and health products, and can be used as a flavor enhancer for diabetic patients. agent.
In order for human and animal bodies to grow and reproduce, in addition to sunlight and air, they must take in food, and the nutrients in the food taken every day must achieve a balanced metabolism of the body. Food ingredients mainly include seven categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, inorganic salts, water and fiber, which are usually called nutrients. Together with the oxygen that enters the human or animal body through breathing, they undergo a metabolic process and are transformed into substances that constitute the body and energy that sustains life activities. Therefore, they are indispensable elements for maintaining the material composition and physiological functions of the human or animal body, and are also the material basis for life activities.
01 Reduce blood sugar and blood lipids
Xylo-oligosaccharides are sugars that are not digested or absorbed by the digestive systems of humans and animals. The intake is not directly related to the measured value of human blood sugar. Most of the xylo-oligosaccharides that enter the digestive systems of humans or animals are absorbed by beneficial organisms in the large intestine. Bacterial utilization. Several studies have shown that xylo-oligosaccharides have good effects in lowering blood sugar. Zhu Jie et al. [5] administered xylo-oligosaccharide to mice and measured their body weight, serum blood sugar, alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, etc. The results showed that xylo-oligosaccharide can make normal mice The mice lost weight, effectively reduced the blood sugar content of diabetic mice without changing the content of alanine aminotransferase, reduced the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and increased the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol. This study shows that xylo-oligosaccharides can effectively reduce blood sugar and blood lipids without any side effects on organisms. Chen Haishan et al.[6] studied the effect of xylobiose on blood lipids, blood sugar, and fat accumulation in mice. The experiment selected obese mice and continuously fed xylobiose. They found that the cholesterol content in the serum of the mice was significantly reduced, indicating that xylobiose can It effectively reduces blood sugar and blood lipids, and at the same time, fat accumulation in mice is effectively inhibited.
02 Proliferating Bifidobacterium
As people’s pace of life accelerates and work pressure increases, their diet becomes increasingly irregular and unreasonable. Functional diseases of the digestive system such as abdominal bloating, diarrhea, and constipation become more and more common, seriously affecting people’s quality of life. Studies have shown that functional gastrointestinal diseases have a very close relationship with intestinal flora [7]. It is urgent to improve the intestinal environment and protect people’s health. Most of the xylo-oligosaccharides entering the digestive tract will stay in the large intestine, and then be absorbed and utilized by bifidobacteria. They will be fermented and degraded into short-chain fatty acids, bifid factors, antibiotics and other substances to inhibit the growth of original putrefactive bacteria and exogenous pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. Proliferate, reduce toxic fermentation products, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and have a very significant effect on improving intestinal function [8]. In addition, the phosphatidic acid on the surface of a large number of bifidobacteria can attract each other to the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, occupy the intestinal mucosal surface, and form a protective biofilm barrier on the intestinal mucosa, preventing the invasion of harmful bacteria and improving intestinal health. Intracanal environment and the role of protecting the intestines [9].
03 Anti-caries
The cause of dental caries is that Streptococcus bacteria on dental plaque produce organic acids, which reduce the acidity and alkalinity of the normal oral environment, causing the enamel on the teeth to fall off, and the teeth lose their protection, allowing microorganisms on the plaque to further invade. Xylo-oligosaccharides cannot be digested in the human oral cavity and cannot be utilized by microorganisms in the oral cavity [10]. Therefore, xylo-oligosaccharides as sweeteners in food will not affect the original ecological environment of the oral cavity. In addition, when xylo-oligosaccharides and sucrose exist at the same time, they can prevent sucrose from being synthesized by microorganisms and generate insoluble high-molecular glucose, preventing the enamel on the tooth surface from falling off, and playing a certain protective role.
04 Antioxidant effect
The antioxidant effect is mainly reflected in the antioxidant level of a substance or the level of antioxidant enzymes converting oxides. Zhu Jie et al. [5] found that after adding xylo-oligosaccharides, whether mice fed a high-fat diet or mice fed a normal diet, the levels of oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde in the serum, heart and liver were related to those of mice fed a high-fat diet or normal diet. Compared with the blank control group, the levels of reduced oxidized glutathione increased significantly. The study also found that the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the hearts of mice fed a high-fat diet of xylo-oligosaccharides were compared with those in the blank control group. Significantly increased, the antioxidant enzyme content was not significantly different from that of normal mice [11]. The blood lipid metabolism ability of humans and animals can be calculated by antioxidant capacity to a certain extent, so adding an appropriate amount of xylo-oligosaccharide to food can significantly improve antioxidant capacity.
05 Activate the immune system
Infectious inflammation may also be non-infectious inflammation. The intake of oligosaccharides can effectively fight inflammation. Gobinath et al. [13] found that xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the body’s immune function through the proliferation of bifidobacteria. The survival of a large number of Bifidobacterium will significantly increase the number of peripheral blood leukocytes and immune natural killer cells. It can also increase the number of peripheral blood monocytes, increase the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme, and circulate to various parts of the human body through the lymphatic system. It activates the human immune system and promotes the division and development of cells in the immune system that participate in immune responses.
Xylo-oligosaccharides naturally exist in fruits and vegetables, and can also be produced by hydrolyzing xylan. The sweetness of xylo-oligosaccharides is 30% to 40% of sucrose. Compared with other oligosaccharides, such as fructooligosaccharides, it has It has the advantages of good stability, acid resistance and high temperature resistance.
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Post time: Mar-19-2024
